Ecology, Part II: Human Impact on Ecosystems

THE SLIDE SHOW IS THE SAME AS ECOLOGY, PART I.

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:

• Describe the effects of humans on the ecosystem with emphasis on examples of international importance (tropical rain forests, oceans and important rivers);
• Describe the consequences of deforestation in terms of its effects on soil stability, climate and local human populations;
• Evaluate the effects of:

1. water pollution by sewage, by inorganic waste and by nitrogen-containing fertilizers;
2. air pollution by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane), contributing to global warming;
3. air pollution by acidic gases (sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen), contributing to acid rain;
4. pollution due to insecticides;

• Discuss reasons for conservation of species with reference to maintenance of biodiversity, management of fisheries and management of timber production;
• Discuss reasons for recycling materials, with reference to named examples.

VIDEOS:

1. COST OF POLLUTION




2. AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH



3. WATER POLLUTION



4. DEFORESTATION



5. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION



6. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERFISHING





NEXT TOPIC:

- MICRO-ORGANISMS AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY

Ecology, Part I: The Ecosystem

DOWNLOAD THE SLIDES FOR ECOLOGY HERE!
(EDIT: Sorry, uploaded the wrong file before. The new URL links to the Ecosystems Powerpoint)

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:

1. State that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to biological systems
2. Describe the non-cyclical nature of energy flow
3. Define the following terms and establish the relationship of each in food webs: producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer, food chain
4. Describe energy losses between trophic levels and infer the advantages of short food chains
5. Describe and interpret pyramids of numbers, of biomass and of energy.
   
6. Describe and state the importance of the carbon cycle
7. Describe the nitrogen cycle in making available nitrogen for plant and animal protein, including the role of bacteria in nitrogen fixation, decomposition and nitrification (details of denitrification and the names of individual bacteria are not required)
8. Understand the role of the mosquito as a vector of disease
9. Describe the malaria pathogen as an example of a parasite and describe the transmission and control of the malarial pathogen (details of the life cycle of the pathogen are not required)

VIDEOS:

1. WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?




2. THE FOOD CHAIN



3. THE CARBON CYCLE



4. THE NITROGEN CYCLE (CLICK TO WATCH!)

5. MALARIA




NEXT TOPIC:

- ECOLOGY, PART II: HUMAN EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS

P.S. The highest marks in Course Assessment #1 (Term 2) are as follows:

• JOSIAH - 95
• BRANDON - 93 (also most improved student)
  
• NISSANA - 92
• CHRISTOPHER - 92
• KRYSTAL - 90
  
• LAURA - 90

Congratulations!

Support, Movement and Locomotion

DOWNLOAD THE SLIDES FOR SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION HERE!

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:

1. Describe the use of a skeleton and muscle system in organisms.
   
2. Identify and describe, from diagrams, photographs and real specimens, the main bones of the forelimb: (humerus, radius, ulna and scapula) of a mammal;
3. Describe the type of movement permitted by the ball and socket joint and the hinge joint of the forelimb;
4. Describe the action of the antagonistic muscles at the hinge joint.
5. Describe the three different types of muscle (striated, smooth, cardiac).

VIDEOS:

1. MUSCLE ACTION




2. JOINT MOVEMENTS



3. MOVEMENT AND MUSCLES



4. LOCOMOTION IN FISH





NEXT TOPIC:

- ECOLOGY (ECOSYSTEMS)

Drug Use and Abuse

DOWNLOAD THE SLIDES FOR DRUG USE HERE!

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:

1. Define what a drug is and understand its effect on the body's metabolism.
2. Relate the use of medicinal drugs such as antibiotics to the treatment of bacterial infection.
3. Outline the effects of heroin abuse and its associated social problems.
4. Describe the effects of excessive alcohol consumption and understand its social implications.
5. Explain how smoking cigarettes can cause disease and affect unborn babies.
   

VIDEOS:

1. VIDEO ON HOW DRUGS AFFECT THE BRAIN (simple and informative!)


2. HEROIN ADDICTS



3. SMOKING ADDICTION



4. EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL



5. SMOKING AND PREGNANCY





NEXT CLASS:

- SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION

Coordination and Response: Hormones and the Endocrine System

DOWNLOAD THE SLIDES FOR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HERE!

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:

1. Define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs and is then destroyed by the liver.
2. State the role of the hormone adrenaline in boosting the blood glucose concentration and give examples of situations in which this may occur
3. Describe the signs (increased blood glucose concentration and glucose in urine) and treatment (administration of insulin) of diabetes mellitus.
   

VIDEOS:

1. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM



2. TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES






NEXT CLASS:

- THE USE, ABUSE AND EFFECTS OF DRUGS

Repost: Coordination and Response (Nervous System)

This topic will be split in TWO class sessions:

• Nervous System and the Brain
• The Eye and the Hormone System

DOWNLOAD THE SLIDES FOR COORDINATION AND RESPONSE HERE!

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW TO:


NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE BRAIN

1. State that the nervous system - brain, spinal cord and nerves - serves to coordinate and regulate bodily functions.
2. Identify the central nervous system (CNS) on a diagram.
3. Identify the following on a diagram of the brain: cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, medulla, spinal cord, nerves.
4. Describe the functions of the above named structures, and relate to how they each contribute to coordinating bodily functions.
   
5. Outline the functions of sensory neurons, relay neurons and motor neurons.
6. Provide a detailed outline on how a "reflex action/arc" occurs.

THE EYE AND THE HORMONE SYSTEM

1. State the components of the EYE and their functions.
2. State how the eye produces a focused image of near and distant objects.
3. Describe the pupil reflex in response to bright and dim light
4. define a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs and is then destroyed by the liver.
5. State the role of the hormone adrenaline in boosting the blood glucose concentration and give examples of situations in which this may occur
6. Describe the signs (increased blood glucose concentration and glucose in urine) and treatment (administration of insulin) of diabetes mellitus.
   

VIDEOS:

1. EXPLANATION OF NEURONS AND NERVOUS SYSTEM




2. HOW THE EYE WORKS



3. THE HUMAN EYE (nice and simple!)



4. FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN



5. The Reflex Arc (simple and effective)